AAR Corp . (NYSE: NYSE:AIR), a leading provider of aviation services, reported a strong start to fiscal 2025, with first-quarter sales rising 20% to $662 million, driven by equal growth in commercial and government sectors. The earnings call, led by Chairman and CEO John Holmes and CFO Sean Gillen, highlighted significant operating margin expansion, with adjusted margins increasing from 7.3% to 9.1%. Despite challenges in the Used Serviceable Material (USM) market, AAR remains optimistic, anticipating sales growth of 18% to 22% for Q2 and maintaining stable operating margins.
Key Takeaways
- AAR's sales climbed to $662 million, marking a 20% increase year-over-year.
- Operating margin expansion was significant, with adjusted margins rising from 7.3% to 9.1%.
- New parts distribution grew by 26%, while repair and engineering sales surged 58%.
- USM sales declined due to limited asset availability, but a gradual increase is expected.
- AAR anticipates Q2 sales growth between 18% to 22% and aims to maintain adjusted operating margins around 9.1%.
Company Outlook
- AAR projects steady sales growth and stable operating margins in the upcoming quarter.
- The company plans to reduce net leverage through EBITDA growth and debt reduction.
- The acquisition of Triumph Product Support enhances repair capabilities, with plans to expand into accessories and components.
- Capacity expansions in Oklahoma City and Miami are set for fall 2025, with confidence in hiring skilled labor.
Bearish Highlights
- Sales of used serviceable material (USM) faced a decline due to limited asset availability.
- Challenges in the USM market were partly attributed to external pressures like the Boeing (NYSE:BA) strike.
Bullish Highlights
- AAR reported overall strong performance with a 20% growth in the quarter.
- Demand signals from major airline customers remain strong, supporting growth and market position.
- New contracts, including engine parts supply, are expected to contribute positively to revenue.
Misses
- Some softness in spending from low-cost airlines was noted, though offset by strong demand from major long-haul carriers.
Q&A Highlights
- CFO Sean Gillen discussed cash flow expectations, projecting higher full-year free cash flow compared to the previous year.
- Gillen confirmed that inventory growth due to parts supply business expansion would act as a net user of cash.
- The next update on financial performance is scheduled for January with the Q2 results announcement.
InvestingPro Insights
AAR Corp's (NYSE: AIR) robust start to fiscal 2025 is reflected in key financial metrics. With a market capitalization of approximately $2.43 billion and a forward-looking lens, the company is trading at a P/E ratio of 53.41, which indicates a high earnings multiple when compared to the industry average. This aligns with an InvestingPro Tip highlighting the company's high earnings valuation in the market.
It is worth noting that analysts have revised their earnings downwards for the upcoming period, suggesting that investors may want to keep a close eye on future earnings calls for potential adjustments in company performance expectations.
From a liquidity standpoint, AAR Corp's liquid assets surpass its short-term obligations, which could provide some comfort to investors concerned about the company's ability to meet its immediate financial liabilities. The company's revenue growth over the last twelve months has been strong, at 16.5%, which could signal underlying business strength despite the challenges faced in the USM market.
InvestingPro Tips indicate that while the stock's price movements have been quite volatile, analysts predict the company will be profitable this year, which could be a positive sign for long-term investors. Additionally, AAR Corp does not pay a dividend, which might influence investment decisions for income-focused shareholders.
For more detailed analysis and additional InvestingPro Tips, investors can visit https://www.investing.com/pro/AIR, where 9 more tips are available to help assess the company's financial health and stock performance.
Full transcript - AAR Corp (AIR) Q1 2025:
Operator: Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to AAR's Fiscal 2025 First Quarter Earnings Call. We're joined today by John Holmes, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer; and Sean Gillen, Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that the comments made during the call may include forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, these statements are no guarantee of future performance. These risks and uncertainties are discussed in the company's earnings release and the risk factor section of the company's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended at May 31st, 2024. In providing the forward-looking statement, the company assumes no obligation to provide updates to reflect future circumstances or anticipated or unanticipated events. Certain non-GAAP financial information will be discussed in the call today. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures is set forth in the company's earnings release. A replay of the conference call will be available for on-demand listening shortly after the completion of the call on AAR's website. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to AAR's Chairman, President, and CEO, John Holmes.
John Holmes: Great. Thank you, and thank you to everyone for joining us this afternoon to discuss our most recent quarter's results. We are very proud of the performance we delivered during our first quarter of fiscal 2025. This was a very solid start to the year, and I'm grateful to our team for continuing to deliver. AAR advanced strategic initiatives continued to execute well across the company. We are benefiting from structural tailwinds, elevated levels of air travel, and an aging fleet which drives demand for our aftermarket services. Our company is more focused than ever within our three main operating segments: parts supply, repair and engineering, and integrated solutions. We are making investments in each of these three segments to drive growth, improve our efficiency, and deliver higher margins. You saw that this quarter that we expect the benefit from these investments to continue throughout our fiscal 2025. With that, I will turn to our first quarter results. We delivered quarterly sales of $662 million, up 20% year-over-year, driven by growth in each of our segments. Additionally, we had growth in both our commercial and government businesses, with each growing at 20%. Our distribution and tenure activities had particularly strong performance, and our recent acquisitions of Trax and Product Support were also meaningful contributors this quarter. Regarding profitability, I am pleased that once again we demonstrated significant operating margin expansion. Our adjusted operating margins increased by 180 basis points year-over-year from 7.3% to 9.1%. This was the result of the continued organic margin expansion as well as contribution from the Trax and Product Support acquisitions. I'm now going to go into these results in a little more detail for each of our three main segments. Part supply is our largest and most profitable segment and where we have very significant opportunity for organic growth. This segment contains two activities, new parts distribution and used serviceable material or USM. Distribution represents nearly 60% of parts supply and 22% of consolidated sales. USM represents approximately 40% of parts supply and 15% of consolidated sales. In new parts distribution, sales grew 26% organically, driven by continued market share gains. We benefited from both continued commercial demand strength and recovery in our government volumes. We're the largest independent distributor of OEM parts, and our independent status is a key strategic advantage which eliminates conflicts and allows our OEM partners to serve all aircraft types. This is the key driver behind our consistent market share gains and we believe we have a long runway ahead of us as we have a strong pipeline of opportunities. From USM activity within parts supply, we saw a decline in year-over-year sales driven entirely by the lack of whole assets, predominantly engine, available in the market. The decrease in whole asset sales is a result of the current dynamics in the aviation aftermarket, the continued delay of new aircraft deliveries, ongoing challenges with new engine platforms have resulted in a greater use of the existing fleet, which has resulted in lower retirements. Overall, this is good for AAR, and USM specifically, it means that there's less supply available. We do anticipate more aircraft retirements over time, which will increase the supply of USM to service that demand. Turning to repair and engineering, sales growth was 58% in the quarter, excluding the Product Support acquisition sales growth was 6% as we continue to see strong underlying demand for our MRO services. Even though our hangars are largely at capacity, we continue to grow inside of our existing footprint with both increased efficiency and improved throughput. That said, our hanger capacity expansions in Miami and Oklahoma City remain on track for operation beginning in the second half of calendar 2025. As a reminder, these expansions will add approximately $60 million of annual sales. Regarding the Triumph Product Support acquisition, the business had exceeded our initial expectations in the first two quarters, and we are in the early stages of unlocking significant additional value. In terms of cost synergy, we are on track to achieve the previously announced target of $10 million and are confident we will exceed this number once we complete consolidation of our -- once we complete the consolidation of our existing Long Island facility into the facilities in Grand Prairie, Texas and Wellington, Kansas. Additionally, we continue to make progress on in-sourcing repair work in support of our commercial programs and USM activities. Turning to integrated solutions. In the quarter, we drove growth across both our commercial and government offerings, which resulted in total sales growth of 8% for this segment. Trax had a particularly strong quarter with some significant new business wins and customer implementations. Customer interest in Trax’s offering remains strong, and we are excited about the potential to continue to win market share with new customers and expand our services with existing customers. Our government program activities and integrated solutions had a strong quarter as well. Subsequent to the quarter, we had two significant business wins in government programs. We were awarded a five-year, firm fixed-price IDIQ contract with the Navy to perform airframe maintenance on their P-8 fleet. This award is a continuation of existing work. We also won a new contract to support the engine maintenance for the Navy on the same P-8 aircraft fleet. These wins demonstrate the significant value proposition that AAR brings to its government customers. Overall, I'm incredibly proud of the quarter that we just delivered. And with that, I'll turn it over to Sean.
Sean Gillen: Thanks, John. Total sales in the quarter grew 20% to $662 million, excluding the impacts from the recently acquired Product Support business, organic sales growth for the quarter was 6%. Commercial sales increased 20% with growth in all three of our core segments. Our commercial distribution sales were a particular standout as we continued to drive sales growth on existing product lines and expanded newly won product lines as well. Government sales also increased 20% on improvement from the 15% growth we experienced in the fourth quarter. The sales increase is driven by an ongoing recovery across our government program activities and increased order volume for our new parts distribution activities. Adjusted operating profit margin improved 180 basis points from 7.3% to 9.1%. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased 180 basis points from 9.5% to 11.3%. We've a clear roadmap for continued margin improvements over the medium term as our mix shifts towards our higher margin segments and we realize synergies in the recently acquired Product Support business. We continue to roll out our airframe maintenance efficiency improvement initiatives and expect further margin improvement as capacity expansion projects come online. Net interest expense for the quarter was $18.3 million, reflecting the financing of the Product Support acquisition, and we expect Q2 interest expense to be approximately the same as Q1. Average diluted share count in the quarter was 35.6 million shares. For FY 2025, we continue to expect our effective tax rate to be approximately 28%. Adjusted diluted EPS increased from $0.78 to $0.85, reflecting the benefit of our growth and margin expansion. The Product Support acquisition was accreted to earnings for the quarter, which we expect to continue through FY 2025. With that, I'll turn to the detailed results by segment. Part supply sales grew 5% to $250 million, driven by 26% growth in distribution and a 22% decline in USM. We once again drove double-digit growth in distribution as we continue to gain market share. Growth in the quarter was positively impacted by the expansion of both existing product lines and the ramp up of new business wins, as well as greater purchases by both the US and foreign governments. Our USM activity was down due to lack of availability of whole assets. Parts supply adjusted operating margins increased by 110 basis points to 12.1% in the quarter, driven by distribution, which benefited from scale and mix. The improvement of distribution sales to government customers also contributed to the increase in margins. Repair and engineering sales increased 58% to $218 million. On an organic basis, sales increased 6%. Demand remains strong for our heavy maintenance and component repair capabilities, and we look to continue to drive growth in these activities. Repair and engineering adjusted operating margins increased by 460 basis points to 11.2% in the quarter, driven by the inorganic impact of Product Support and continued efficiency gained in the hangars. Going forward, we expect to drive further margin expansion in this segment from the realization of Product Support synergies, rollout of our paperless hanger initiatives, and the capacity expansions once they come online in FY 2026. Integrated solution sales increased 8% to $169 million, driven by growth in commercial Power-by-the-Hour activities, certain government programs, and some Trax. Integrating solutions adjusted operating margin decreased by 40 basis points to 6.2% in the quarter based on the mix within government programs. In expeditionary services, our government customer has decided to revert to the current generation pallets and as a result terminated our contract to provide next generation pallets. We are the incumbent on the current generation pallets and will continue to support the government's demand for these products as we await a potential new RFP for the next generation panel. We do not expect any material change in the outlook for expeditionary services due to the government's decision. However, related to the termination, in the quarter we recognize revenue of $9.5 million and a net loss of $3.2 million, which are excluded from our adjusted results. Turning to consolidated cash, cash flow use and operating activities of $19 million in the quarter as we made investments in the business, particularly in inventory to support the growth in distribution. Despite this cash use, we maintained net leverage of 3.3 times net debt to adjusting pro forma EBITDA. For the balance of the fiscal year, we expect to reduce net leverage through both growth in EBITDA as well as reduction in net debt. Our balance sheet and capital structure afford us sufficient flexibility to manage our business and make decisions that maximize shareholder value. With that, I will turn the call back over to John.
John Holmes: Great. Thank you, Sean. I'm very pleased with the results that we delivered in Q1 and the strong start through our fiscal year. Demand for our services remains exceptionally strong and the current dynamics in the aviation supply chain overall are in our favor. Looking to Q2 of fiscal 2025 specifically, we expect sales growth of 18% to 22% and adjusted operating margins similar to Q1, which was 9.1%. We continue to make tremendous progress towards executing our long-term objectives. We continue to gain market share in distribution, are on track with capacity expansions in repair and engineering, are growing the Trax software offering, and driving higher margins through investments in efficiency and differentiated capabilities. We're exceptionally well positioned to capitalize on the strength that we are seeing in our markets, and I'm very excited about our future. With that, I'll turn it over to the operator for questions.
Operator: Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Scott Mikus with Melius Research. Your line is open.
Scott Mikus: Hi, John, Sean. Good evening. John, I wanted to ask on the Triumph Product Support asset. It came with 6,000 proprietary DER repairs, so I'm just wondering how should we think about the growth and the number of DER repairs that you can do? You're going to add to that, so should I be thinking an annual growth rate on that or just a simple number of repairs you want to add per annum?
John Holmes: A great question and an important asset that came with the acquisition. What I would say there is, rather than trying to quantify the types of repairs, I would say that the majority of the 6,000 DER repairs that Triumph has are focused on structures. And we are focused on broadening that DER repair capability to the accessories and components that are repaired in the other areas of Triumph of TPS. And so again, rather than trying to quantify a growth rate or number of repairs, I would say that from a product type, we would look to capture the opportunity beyond what they've done in the structures world.
Scott Mikus: Okay, got it. And then I also want to stick with repair and engineering and just thinking about the MRO hangers. So you have the capacity expansions in Oklahoma City and Miami that will be ready for the fall of 2025. But I'm just wondering, do you have the pipeline of workers to fill those hangers on day one, or is it going to take time to train, hire, and ramp up those new employees to generate sales and profits?
John Holmes: Yes, great question. We're very excited about that capacity coming online. We're also excited that it's sold. And we went into markets where we knew we would have a long-term base load customer, and we knew, to your point, that we would be able to hire up. So both Miami and Oklahoma City are favorable labor markets for us. We've had a long-time presence in each place. We've got relationships with local providers in schools, etc. And so, we feel really good about our ability to recruit talent in both locations. There will be a ramp up in each facility. There always is. There's just a bit of an operational curve, though, but we feel very confident in the relatively short ramp up and our ability to hire the labor to support that new business.
Scott Mikus: All right. Thanks for taking the questions.
John Holmes: Thank you.
Operator: Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Michael Ciarmoli with Truist Securities. Your line is open.
Michael Ciarmoli: Hey, good evening, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Nice results. John, just on the USM and kind of the challenges there. I mean, how are you guys thinking about or how are you potentially forecasting whole asset sales for the year? I've got to imagine that's a challenge. And does that market -- I mean, just given what's going on with the Boeing strike, I mean, obviously hard to tell how long it lasts, but presumably airlines aren't getting planes they needed. Does that market potentially get even tighter for you?
John Holmes: Yes. So great question. First of all, I would say that despite the decline that we saw in the USM business, we are really happy that the rest of the company performed really, really well and we were able to deliver 20% growth in the quarter. And that's one of the reasons we call out, USM is 15% of our business. And to your point, yes, anything that puts more pressure on the existing fleet like the Boeing strike is going to extend the tightness in the USM market, but more importantly, it's going to extend the robust demand that we see for the other 80-plus percent of the company. So it is a difficult thing to forecast, and we do expect that at some point as these aircraft are retired and disassembled, it will result in more asset availability and that will occur while there is still strong demand for these assets and we're in the right position to capture that. But right now the overall tailwinds and dynamics that you described or that we're seeing in the market are benefiting the overall company as a whole.
Michael Ciarmoli: Got it. Is there any way to parse out maybe the piece part of our component sales of USM versus the headwind that's kind of -- or maybe the underlying growth that was masked by the whole asset sales?
John Holmes: Yes, what I would say is that, the fourth quarter for individual piece parts sales was the highest quarter we've ever had in individual part sales in USM. The quarter we just ended was the second highest we've ever seen. So the individual part sales there are very strong and we are able to locate that material. It's the whole assets right now that are constrained. The only other thing I would add there is, that market is very situational right? I mean, you can see like what we saw a couple of years ago with American Airlines (NASDAQ:AAL) deciding to exit a certain fleet, you can see things break loose. And our job is to make sure that we are in the right place at the right time to be able to move quickly and capture assets when they become available even if there's not an overall change in the market. And that's what we're focused on doing.
Michael Ciarmoli: Got it. Got it. Just as we're talking here, I mean, what's the environment like? Are there just very limited assets or are you seeing maybe airline operators actually looking to buy equipment, not to make an ROI on it just because they need to service their planes. I mean, are you seeing a high level of...
John Holmes: Yes. It's predominantly the latter. You're seeing airlines -- they just need the lift. And so as assets come available, the airlines themselves, or lessors, are going right after those assets because lease rates are extremely favorable right now because there's tremendous demand, because airlines just need the lift.
Michael Ciarmoli: Got it, got it…
John Holmes: But the other point to mention there is, as those engines are in operation, you're burning off a lot of green time at once, which means that once these do go in for maintenance, they're going to require a lot of parts. And that, again, is a favorable demand environment for us.
Michael Ciarmoli: Got it, of course. Sure. Last one. Sean, just on the adjustments in the quarter, any detail on the investigation costs that were $0.14 and the contract termination costs of $0.09. Any color you can provide there?
Sean Gillen: Nothing further on the investigation. It's been the same investigation line item for the past number of quarters. And then the contract termination is the expeditionary services tailored contract that I talked about in the opening remarks. So those are the items.
Michael Ciarmoli: Got it. Perfect. Thanks, guys. I'll jump back in the queue.
John Holmes: Thank you.
Operator: Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Ken Herbert with RBC. Your line is open.
Kenneth Herbert: Yes. Hey, good afternoon, John and Sean. Maybe, John, I wanted to first start on the P-8. It sounds like the Airframe IDIQ is sort of a continuation of work you've been doing, but I just wanted to clarify that there isn't maybe a step up there in terms of the revenue opportunity. But then second, and maybe more importantly, on the engine side, can you talk about how much of that could be incremental from a revenue standpoint this year, how that phases in, and what exactly are you doing on the engine side? Is it more sort of parts support or maybe a little more color there please?
John Holmes: Yes. Great. Appreciate you asking about those two awards. So, yes, for the first one, the Airframe Award, that is a continuation of work that we have today. The volumes of heavy maintenance for that fleet do change over time, and there is a chance that we do see more volume out of that contract in this next phase than we saw in the previous phase. We've got to wait to secure the award and get the schedule from the Navy, but based on what the proposal that we submitted said, it's possible. You could see a step up in volume there. As it relates to the engine award, that is entirely new business for AAR. And what we will be doing is helping to manage the supply chain and provide parts. We have a partner that will actually be doing the wrench turning. That will come out once the government releases more information, but we will be working that partner to manage the overall engine flow and then supply parts to that partner in support of the engine overalls.
Kenneth Herbert: Can you quantify yet maybe how much growth the engine, the parts supply part of that contract could provide this year?
John Holmes: Once we get full clarity from the government on our position on the contract, we'll be able to give more data on that. But we do feel it'll be a nice contributor in terms of revenue and income. And in terms of when it starts, obviously, we got to see if there's a protest, et cetera. But we do feel like it will be a meaningful contributor.
Kenneth Herbert: Okay, great. And as we look at the part supply business, nice margins this quarter. How do we think about the progression there? I mean, is a more meaningful step up really held back until you can see a maybe more pronounced whole asset opportunity within USM, or is there an opportunity through mix and through efficiencies to continue to sort of drive incrementally higher margins on parts supply as we think about the cadence of this year and even into fiscal 2026?
John Holmes: Sure. For USM, again, it's somewhat situational and dependent on the availability of material and the price at which we are able to acquire and sell that material. And so that moves with the market. What we do see is just continued strength out of our new parts distribution business. The margins there, because of our exclusive distribution model are better than what you would normally see in a parts distribution business. And with each new win, we're able to continue to leverage our fixed cost base. So I would say over time, we see the improvement of margin of parts supply on a steady basis coming from the growth and distribution, and then on a, I’d say, more situational basis based on the opportunities we see in USM.
Kenneth Herbert: Okay, helpful. And just finally, coming out of your fiscal fourth quarter, there were some incremental concern around capacity growth and some spending by more specifically some of the low-cost airlines. And it sounds like that was predominantly sort of idiosyncratic to a few specific airlines and situations. But can you just comment more from a macro standpoint on what you're seeing in terms of airline, your airline customers and spending into sort of the back half here of calendar 2024 and then I guess any changes in your schedules, backlogs, demand, as you think about spending into the first part of sort of calendar 2025?
John Holmes: Sure, sure. And again, great question. I'd say for certain customers, certain lower cost carriers to your point, that -- yes, they have seen some softness. However, they are not major customers of AAR. The larger carriers, the long-haul carriers, those are the ones that are continuing to do very well, and those are the ones that are the largest customers of AAR. So from our major customers, we see continued very strong demand signals, and they recognize our value proposition. We have definitely been in a position where they have favored our maintenance solutions, our parts solutions over that of our competitors, even if there's a decline in their own volumes. But I would say, just broadly, our largest customers are continuing to express strong demand throughout the rest of this fiscal year.
Kenneth Herbert: Great. Thanks, John.
John Holmes: Thanks, Ken.
Operator: Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Louie DiPalma with William Blair. Your line is open.
Louie DiPalma: John and Sean, good afternoon.
John Holmes: Hey, Louis, how you doing?
Louie DiPalma: Great. Can you talk about the business development and pipeline activity with Trax? And when do you expect that Trax can become a viable sales channel for your parts business?
John Holmes: Yes, thanks for asking about Trax. It was a good quarter for Trax. They made a nice contribution to the results in a couple of ways. One, they upgraded certain of their existing customers and they actually were able to capture some new customers. Not all of these things were able to announce customer by customer, but they're making really nice progress in the market. One of the main reasons we felt that we should acquire Trax and could bring value to their business was our ability to open doors for them, big doors for them in the market with larger airlines that may not have been comfortable turning their ERP system over to a smaller company like Trax. We are seeing that play out. We're very encouraged by the pipeline of activity with Trax, particularly with some very large airlines. And we're hopeful that in the coming quarters we'll be able to secure that business, which will validate that important element of the acquisition thesis. So we feel good about that. And then to the second part of your question about Trax as a pipeline for our part sales. That is still something we feel very, very strongly about. In the early year, the first year of the Trax acquisition, our priority has been to improve the operations of Trax so that they could scale to ultimately support larger customers. We made a great deal of progress in that regard. Once we feel good about what we've done there we'll turn our attention to the integration between AAR and Trax around selling parts. So we're still a little bit away from being able to get that done.
Louie DiPalma: Great. And a few quarters ago, still on Trax, I think you mentioned Singapore Airlines (OTC:SINGY) and Archer Aviation as new customers. How are those implementations coming?
John Holmes: They're complete. And those customers are up and running and live. There's another significant customer that we hadn't announced publicly that in that same period of time is up and running and live. We upgraded another existing customer to the latest and greatest suite of offerings from Trax. That implementation went well and is live. So again, going back to your prior question, one of the main areas of focus for us is to be able to handle multiple implementations and upgrades at the same time. That's something that was difficult for Trax to do when they were on their own. And so, we've made a lot of progress in being able to take on many things at the same time.
Louie DiPalma: Great. And following up on Ken's question for the Navy, the pair of the Navy P-8 contracts, for the Engine Services contract, did you take that contract away from an incumbent and is that why you think there's an increased likelihood of a protest?
John Holmes: I can't say about the incumbent, but we -- and I don't know if there will be a protest or not. We don't. So -- but to the extent that there were multiple bidders, rather than whether it was an incumbent, that's why we always have our eye open to a potential protest. But as you know, in the government world, that's just very common.
Louie DiPalma: Yes, definitely. And are there many other types of these engine contracts out there for the different, the Navy or Air Force platforms that you could either take away from the incumbents or just new work in general?
John Holmes: Yes. I would just answer it broadly and say that we feel very strongly that our commercial offering should play very well for all commercial derivative military aircraft. And so, whether it's airframe maintenance or accessory repair or component repair or engine support, we think that we're in a position to take what we do really well in the commercial markets and port it to the government markets.
Louie DiPalma: Sounds good. And one final question, perhaps this is for both of you, John and Sean. As it relates to Triumph, can you talk about the progress or the plans to like in-source the repair work for USM? Are we still in the early innings of integrating Triumph such that you can take some of the Triumph repair capabilities and support your USM business?
John Holmes: Yeah. We have a couple different vectors there. One, in terms of the transfer of work from our existing facility in New York to the facilities in Wellington, Kansas and Dallas, we're on track there. There's two buckets of work. There's commercial work and there's government work. The commercial work is right on track and the majority has been transferred. The government work takes longer because we have to build capability, get it audited and approved by the government. Once that happens, we can cut the work over. Both of those areas are absolutely on track. As it relates to insourcing, really two main buckets of work there. One is to support the USM business, as you just mentioned. That is largely done. We're insourcing all that we can today for the USM business. The longer term element of that is the work supporting our commercial programs business. And there, I would say that generally we actually see more opportunity to in-source work with a modest amount of investment in Triumph than we did when we agreed to do the deal. So we're very encouraged by the opportunity there. It will take longer because it's not just work that we control. It's also the work that we're doing in support of a third-party customer that's got to prove everything. But the headline there is, we see more opportunity to in-source commercial programs work than we previously thought.
Louie DiPalma: Fantastic. Thanks, John and Sean.
John Holmes: Thanks, Louie.
Operator: Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. We have a follow-up question from the line of Scott Mikus with Melius Research. Your line is open.
Scott Mikus: Yes, I just have a quick one for Sean. Sean, do you have the growth rates for defense and commercial within just the new parts distribution business?
Sean Gillen: Not at my fingertips. Yes, just for this quarter or even over the past several quarters?
Scott Mikus: I mean, just for this quarter if you have it. If not, we can follow up offline.
John Holmes: Yes, I'll follow up. And then the Q will be filed later, which will have some of that information. So we can follow up after that.
Scott Mikus: Okay, perfect. Thank you.
Operator: Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. We have a follow-up question from the line of Ken Herbert with RBC. Your line is open.
Kenneth Herbert: Yes, thanks. Maybe Sean, just another quick follow-up. Last year you had a similar sort of cash burn in the first quarter, but then you were nicely positive in terms of cash from operations and free cash through the rest of the year. Do you expect a similar sort of cadence now starting in the second quarter of this fiscal year in terms of cash generation? And I guess bigger picture, how should we think about full year free cash generation maybe just sort of relative to EBITDA or maybe how much of an improvement should we expect relative to fiscal 2024?
Sean Gillen: Yes. So I would expect a similar cadence from Q1 for the balance of the year in terms of cash flow generation, just in seasonality with Q1 and timing of cash flows. And then as it relates to the balance of the fiscal year, I would expect that inventory will be a net user of capital, of cash, as we continue to grow the parts supply businesses specifically. In terms of AAR, I think from a DSO standpoint, we keep that pretty consistent and you can use that on your sales growth assumptions. CapEx run rate for this quarter is probably a good number to use and then interest expense, we mentioned on the call or in my opening remarks that interest expense would be similar to Q1. And then when you think about the back half of the year, that should come down both with a little bit of rate relief on the revolver, as well as reduction in net debt on the average borrowers.
Kenneth Herbert: Okay. So full year free cash up over last year, but maybe -- similar to maybe sort of the growth. It sounds like working capital is going to continue to be a tail or a headwind in terms of free cash generation this year as well?
Sean Gillen: Yes. Up over last year with networking capital still being a net consumer of cash, but overall cash will be higher than last year.
Kenneth Herbert: Perfect. Thanks, Sean.
Operator: Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, I would like to turn the call back over to management for closing remarks.
John Holmes: Great. Thank you very much. We really appreciate all the time and the interest and the support, and we look forward to being back here in January to talk about Q2. Thank you.
Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.
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