By Edward Taylor and Joseph White
SHANGHAI (Reuters) - China's crackdown on vehicle pollution will turn the world's largest auto market into a hub for cutting edge electric car technologies previously exported from Europe and the United States, industry executives at the Shanghai motor show said.
Foreign automakers have long been building cars in China to meet surging demand in the world's most populous nation.
But a raft of proposals to promote cleaner driving is now encouraging them to do more research in China, potentially turning the country into a world leader in a technology predicted to be a major force in the future of the industry.
"We are convinced China will become the leading market for electromobility," Volkswagen (VW) (DE:VOWG_p) brand chief Herbert Diess told Reuters on the sidelines of the motor show.
For years, carmakers have struggled to gain economies of scale to bring down the cost of electric cars, which have failed to gain traction with consumers in part because of their price.
But by floating proposals to require automakers to boost sales of so-called "new energy vehicles," or risk being penalised, Beijing has given a powerful incentive for them to focus the development of such vehicles in China.
That could be a big fillip for the local economy - and a blow to other major car manufacturing nations such as the United States, Germany and Japan. Analysts at UBS say the shift from combustion towards electric cars is a 100 billion euros (83.61 billion pounds) revenue opportunity for suppliers.
"There is a clear (Chinese) government policy in favour of electromobility - high subsidies and an industrial framework in the form of joint venture companies which are being encouraged to invest in this technology," Diess said, adding Beijing appeared to be trying to replicate the success of hybrid car technology in Japan and diesel vehicles in Germany.
According to management consulting firm McKinsey, 43 percent of the 870,000 electric cars produced in 2016 came from China. Germany and the United States accounted for 23 percent and 17 percent respectively.
In order to defend its market position in China, VW will invest in locally developed electric car technology, Diess said.
"This is a challenge but also an opportunity because we will quickly gain large volumes and gain sufficient scale to make electromobility cost effective enough so that it will also be a success in Germany and the United States," he told Reuters.
In the wake of its diesel emissions scandal, VW is focusing much more on electric vehicles and software-based technologies - strategies also being pursued by its Chinese joint venture partners, which include SAIC and First Automotive Works (FAW).
"Here in China the transformation is almost quicker. Our joint venture partners, in particular SAIC, are even more committed to transformation. They are already thinking about next steps which go beyond things like software and semiconductors," Diess said, without elaborating.
TAKING THE LEAD
GKN (LON:GKN), a global engineering group based in England that supplies components for the BMW i8 and Volvo's XC90, said on Wednesday China would become its global production hub for electrified drivelines starting in 2018 and production would be ramped up to an annual 1 million "eDrive" units by 2025.
Through a Chinese joint venture company, SDS, GKN will start making an electric transmission for a domestic Chinese automaker in 2018 and then deliver an electric motor, inverter, axle and gearbox for a European firm's small car platform a year later.
GKN declined to name the European client, but said the manufacturer would sell Chinese-made electric motors worldwide, and further supply agreements with domestic and international car manufacturers had been signed.
GKN Driveline Chief Executive Officer Phil Swash said four global carmakers had agreed to buy GKN's electric motors, and that these motors would be rolled out in China first.
"Whereas in the past we imported technology from outside China, for eDrive, China is now taking the lead. The first launch deployment of the newest technology will be here. That is the first time that has happened in our 30 year history," Swash told Reuters in an interview.
Daimler
"We are going to localise electric cars for Mercedes-Benz," Daimler's board member responsible for China, Hubertus Troska, said.
"We're not concerned about technology transfer" to Chinese partners, he added, referring to fears that Chinese firms might eventually use technology gleaned from foreign partners against them.
Mercedes has more than tripled the size of its Chinese research and development operations during the past two to three years, to 700 people.
The Chinese team is capable of developing entire vehicles, rather than merely customising designs originated in Europe, Daimler Chief Executive Dieter Zetsche said, adding that how R&D would be divided between China and other Mercedes-Benz research centres remained to be seen.
"We will decide how to divide up the tasks on a case-by-case basis, but of course this will include capacities to develop electric cars here in China," Zetsche said.