Novo Nordisk (NYSE:NVO), a global healthcare company specializing in diabetes and obesity treatments, has reported a significant 25% increase in sales and a 19% rise in operating profits for the first half of 2024. The company, which now serves over 42 million patients worldwide, attributes this growth to the strong performance of its GLP-1 and obesity care products, particularly in North America.
Novo Nordisk (ticker: NVO) has also made strides in its research and development efforts, with promising results from the Mim8 phase 3 trial and the COMBINE 1 trial. The company is optimistic about its future, raising its sales growth outlook for 2024 and expecting to file for regulatory approval of new treatments, Mim8 and IcoSema, in the coming years.
Key Takeaways
- Novo Nordisk reports 25% sales growth and 19% operating profit growth for the first half of 2024.
- The company has increased the number of women in senior leadership positions to 41%.
- Positive R&D milestones include the Mim8 phase 3 trial for hemophilia A and the COMBINE 1 trial for IcoSema, a diabetes treatment.
- Sales growth driven by GLP-1 and obesity care products, with a strong performance in North America.
- Regulatory filings for Mim8 and IcoSema expected in the first half of 2025 and second half of 2024, respectively.
- Raised sales growth outlook for 2024 to 22%-28% and operating profit growth outlook to 20%-28%, both at constant exchange rates.
- Capital expenditure expected to be around DKK45 billion, with free cash flow projected between DKK59 billion and DKK69 billion.
Company Outlook
- Novo Nordisk anticipates an acceleration in sales growth in the second half of 2024, driven by the Sema franchise and international launches of Wegovy.
- The company is investing in capacity to address supply constraints and drug shortages.
- Wegovy's pricing dynamics are influenced by market structure, with lower net prices expected in Medicaid channels.
Bearish Highlights
- Expected supply constraints and drug shortages could impact product availability across various geographies.
- Price pressure anticipated for Wegovy, although the specific magnitude remains undisclosed.
Bullish Highlights
- Strong trends in the marketplace, including increased penetration of Wegovy in the US and international sales of Ozempic, signal underlying acceleration in growth.
- Novo Nordisk is expanding its fill-finish network and scaling API facilities to meet demand.
- The company has Medicaid coverage in 20 states, serving around 10 million people with obesity.
Misses
- Termination of the development of a once-monthly injectable GLP-1/GIP for obesity due to portfolio considerations.
Q&A highlights
- Novo Nordisk is in dialogue with the FDA regarding Icodec and the potential carve-out of Type 1 diabetes from the application.
- Additional data for Wegovy in heart failure aims to achieve a claim based on hard endpoints such as CV death and heart failure events.
- The company is confident in the progress of Monlunabant, a second-generation treatment with a potential for a longer half-life and less brain penetration.
Novo Nordisk's robust performance in the first half of 2024, coupled with its promising pipeline and strategic focus on meeting market demand, positions the company for continued growth. With key regulatory filings on the horizon and a clear strategy to navigate market dynamics, Novo Nordisk remains committed to delivering innovative treatments to the millions of patients it serves globally.
InvestingPro Insights
Novo Nordisk's (ticker: NVO) robust sales growth and operating profit increase align with its strong financial metrics. InvestingPro Data highlights the company's substantial market capitalization of $539.55 billion, reflecting investor confidence in its market position and future prospects. Additionally, the company's P/E ratio stands at 41.77, with an adjusted P/E ratio for the last twelve months as of Q1 2024 at 40.64, suggesting that investors are willing to pay a premium for its earnings.
The company's revenue growth is also notable, with a 29.72% increase in the last twelve months as of Q1 2024, indicating a solid expansion in its business operations. This is further supported by a high gross profit margin of 84.65%, which demonstrates Novo Nordisk's ability to maintain profitability in the face of market challenges.
InvestingPro Tips provide additional context to these figures. Novo Nordisk has been a reliable dividend payer, having maintained dividend payments for 36 consecutive years, which is a testament to its financial stability and commitment to shareholder returns. Moreover, the company is a prominent player in the Pharmaceuticals industry, which is reflected in its high return over the last year of 62.66%.
For readers interested in further insights, there are additional InvestingPro Tips available for Novo Nordisk at https://www.investing.com/pro/NVO, which can provide a deeper understanding of the company's financial health and market position.
Full transcript - Novo Nordis (NVO) Q2 2024:
Operator: Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the First Six Months of 2024 Novo Nordisk A/S Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Jacob Rode, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you. Welcome to this Nova Nordisk Earnings Call for the First Six Months of 2024. My name is Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode and I'm the Head of Investor Relations at Nova Nordisk. With me today, I have CEO of Novo Nordisk, Lars Fruergaard Jorgensen; Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Strategy and Corporate Affairs, Camilla Sylvest; Executive Vice President and Head of North America Operations, Doug Langa; Executive Vice President and Head of Development, Martin Holst Lange; and finally, Chief Financial Officer, Karsten Munk Knudsen. All speakers will be available for the Q&A session. Today's announcement and the slides for this call are available on our website, novonordisk.com. Please note that this call is being webcasted live and a recording will be made available on our website as well. The call is scheduled to last 1 hour. Please turn to the next slide. The presentation is structured as outlined on Slide 2. Please note that all sales and operating profit growth statements will be at constant exchange rates unless otherwise specified. Please turn to the next slide. We need to advise you that this call will contain forward-looking statements. These are subject to risk and uncertainty that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For further information on the risk factors, please see the company announcement for the first six months of 2024, as well as the slides prepared for this presentation. With that, over to you Lars for an update on our strategic aspirations.
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: Thank you, Jacob. Please turn to the next slide. In the first six months, we delivered 25% sales growth and 19% operating profit growth, both at constant exchange rates. The operating profit growth was impacted by the impairment loss related to ocedurenone. I'd like to start this call by going through the performance highlights across our strategic aspirations before handing over the word to my colleagues. Starting with our focus on purpose and sustainability, we are now serving more than 42 million patients with our diabetes and obesity treatments. Our total carbon emissions rose by 31% as compared to the first six months of 2023. This was primarily driven by our increased investments in capital expenditure to meet the high demand for our products. To uphold our commitment to being a sustainable employer, we expanded the number of women in senior leadership positions to 41%, compared to 40% in the first six months of 2023. Across all leadership positions, 46% are held by women. Within R&D, we had a number of exciting readouts this quarter, including the positive Mim8 phase 3 results. Martin will come back to this and our overall R&D milestones later. The quarterly sales growth reflects solid commercial execution across both operating units. The performance in the first six months has enabled us to raise our outlook for the full year. Camilla and Doug will go through the details later. Karsten will go through the financials, but I'm very pleased with our performance in the first six months of 2024. With that, I'll give the word to Camilla for an update on commercial execution.
Camilla Sylvest: Thank you, Lars. And please turn to the next slide. In the first six months of 2024, our total sales increased by 25% at constant exchange rates. The sales growth was driven by both operating units, with North America operations growing 36% and international operations growing 11%. In the U.S., sales growth was positively impacted by gross-to-net sales adjustments related to prior years. Our GLP-1 sales increased in diabetes by 32%, driven by North America operations growing 39% and international operations growing 20%. Insulin sales increased by 10%, driven by North America operations growing 36% and international operations growing 3%. Obesity Care sales increased 37%, driven by North America growing 35% and international operations growing 47%. In international operations, we continue to roll out Wegovy gradually with volume cap launches to balance supply and demand. In both geographies, growth was driven by Wegovy, partly offset by declining Saxenda sales as the market is moving towards once-weekly treatments. Rare disease sales decreased by 3%. Please turn to the next slide. With 25% sales growth in Diabetes Care, we are growing faster than the total diabetes market. As a result, our global diabetes value market share increased to 34.1%. This is above our strategic aspiration of reaching one-third of the global diabetes value market in 2025. The increase reflects market share gains in both North America operations and international operations. Please turn to the next slide. In international operations, Diabetes Care sales increased by 11% in the first six months of 2024, which was primarily driven by GLP-1 sales growing 20%. Novo Nordisk is the market leader in international operations with a GLP-1 value market share of 69%. Ozempic continues its GLP-1 market leadership with 46.6% market share. We also pleased to see Rybelsus increasing its market share to more than 16%, driven by solid uptake across geographies. And with that, I will hand over to Doug.
Doug Langa: Thank you, Camilla. Please turn to the next slide. Sales in North America is driven by market share gains and healthy prescription volume growth of the GLP-1 class above 10% in the second quarter this year compared to the second quarter last year. Sales of GLP-1 diabetes care products in the U.S. increased by 42% at constant exchange rates. The sales increase was mainly driven by a continued uptake of Ozempic. Measured on total prescriptions, Nova Nordisk expands its market leadership now with around 56% market share. Note that the sales growth of Ozempic was negatively impacted by periodic supply constraints in the beginning of the year. Please go to the next slide. To safeguard continuity of care for Wegovy, we reduced the supply of the lower dose strengths in May of 2023, which continued throughout the remainder of last year. In the beginning of this year, we gradually started increasing the supply of the lower dose strengths and I am pleased to see that this has been reflected in prescriptions and we are now seeing more than double the number of prescriptions in the market, compared to the beginning of the year. Further, while demand is still expected to exceed supply, we grow more confident in our ability to supply. We will continue to dynamically manage supply, but only the initiation dose strength of 0.25 milligrams. Wegovy still has broad market access with coverage for more than 50 million people with obesity and importantly, around 10 million vulnerable people with obesity now have access to Wegovy through channels such as Medicaid, which is now available in more than 20 states. Ultimately, our focus is to reach more patients living with obesity and as volumes go up, prices will come down. In the first six months of 2024, sales growth was driven by increased volumes, partially countered by lower realized prices. Next slide, please. Our rare disease sales decreased by 3%. Sales in international operations declined by 14%. This was partly offset by a 13% sales increase in North America operations, reflecting the Sogroya launch and positive gross-to-net adjustments related to prior years in the U.S. Rare blood disorder sales decreased by 2%, driven by lower NovoSeven and hemophilia A sales. This was partially countered by increased hemophilia B sales. Rare endocrine disorder sales decreased by 8%. We are working on re-establishing full supply capacity of rare endocrine disorder products following a reduction of manufacturing output. Now over to you Martin for an update on R&D.
Martin Holst Lange: Thank you, Doug. Please turn to the next slide. I'm very pleased to share the results of the FRONTIER 2 Phase 3 trial with Mim8, which we provided headline results for back in May. The full dataset was also disclosed at the ISTH in June. Before I walk you through the results, I would like to briefly remind you of the innovative clinical trial design. FRONTIER 2 was a pivotal Phase 3 26-week open-label, randomized, controlled, and multi-arm trial. The trial investigated the efficacy and safety of once-weekly and once-monthly subcutaneous Mim8 versus no previous prophylaxis treatment or on-demand treatment and versus prior coagulation factor prophylaxis treatment. 254 people aged 12 years and older with hemophilia A, with or without inhibitors were included in the trial. The co-primary endpoint was mean annualized bleeding rate for treated bleeds for both once-weekly and once-monthly Mim8 versus on-demand treatment and versus prior coagulation -- factor prophylaxis treatment. Please turn to the next slide. Overall, in FRONTIER 2, Mim8 demonstrated superiority of Mim8 prophylaxis with both weekly and monthly doses. In the on-demand treatment population, Mim8 demonstrated superior reductions of 97% and 99% in estimated mean annualized bleeding rate for once-weekly and once-monthly treatment, respectively. This was compared to those receiving continued on-demand treatment. In the intra-patient comparison, in people with prior coagulation factor prophylaxis, Mim8 demonstrated superior reductions of 48% and 43% in estimated mean annual bleeding rates for once-weekly and once-monthly treatment, respectively. Of note, in the population with prior on-demand treatment, 86% and 95% of people receiving once-weekly and once-monthly Mim8 treatment, respectively, experienced zero treated bleeds. In the population with prior coagulation factor prophylaxis, 66% and 65% of people receiving once-weekly and once-monthly Mim8, respectively, had zero bleeds. In the trial, Mim8 appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile with no thromboembolic events observed and no evidence of neutralizing anti-Mim8 antibodies. Further, only 5% to 10% -- sorry, 5% to 12% of patients experience injection site reactions across all five treatment arms. In conclusion, we are very excited about the FRONTIER 2 results. Given the differing needs of people living with hemophilia A once-weekly or a once-monthly dosing provides optionality and flexibility for people living with hemophilia A with and without inhibitors. We now expect to file for first regulatory approval of Mim8 during the first half of 2025. Next slide, please. Turning to diabetes, I would also like to share the results from the COMBINE 1 trial, which investigated the use of once-weekly IcoSema, a combination of once-weekly insulin icodec and once-weekly semaglutide in people with Type 2 Diabetes. The objective of the 52-week trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to once-weekly IcoSema, compared to once-weekly insulin icodec alone in people with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on a daily basal insulin with or without oral anti-diabetic drugs. The trial achieves its primary endpoint with IcoSema demonstrating superiority in reducing A1C at week 52 with once-weekly IcoSema compared with insulin icodec. From an overall HbA1c baseline of 8.2%, IcoSema achieved an estimated reduction in A1c of 1.6 percentage points, compared to 0.9 percentage points for insulin icodec. People in the trial had a baseline body weight of 48 -- sorry, 84.5 kilograms. Treatment with IcoSema achieved a superior change in body weight with a weight loss of 3.7 kilograms compared with a 1.9 kilograms weight gain with insulin icodec. The estimated treatment difference was 5.6 kilogram. In the trial, the rate of clinically significant or severe hypoglycemia was statistically significantly lower with IcoSema at 0.14 events per patient years of exposure versus 0.63 events per patient year of exposure with once-weekly insulin icodec. In the trial, once-weekly IcoSema appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile. Now that the third and last pivotal Phase 3 is completed, we expect to file for regulatory approval of IcoSema during the second half of 2024. Next slide, please. Now I would like to highlight some of the additional exciting R&D news, including trial readouts and initiations as anticipated for the rest of the year. Within diabetes, insulin Icodec under the brand name of Awiqli has been approved in multiple countries. In the U.S., however, we are disappointed to have received a complete response letter from the FDA for insulin Icodec. The letter outlined requests related to the manufacturing process and the Type 2 -- sorry, the Type 1 diabetes indication before the application review could be completed. We're evaluating the content of the CRL and will work closely with the FDA to fulfill -- fill the requests. We do not expect to be able to fulfill the request during 2024. In the first half of this year, the flow data were submitted as a label expansion application to the FDA in the U.S. and to the European regulatory authorities. Submissions to regulatory authorities in Japan and China are expected in the second half of 2024. Additionally, in the second half of this year, we are expected to see the readout of the STRIDE outcome trial with Ozempic 1.0 milligram in peripheral artery disease. Further, we also expect readout of the SOUL cardiovascular outcomes trial with the Rybelsus 14 milligram. Both trials are expected to further strengthen the comprehensive cardiometabolic evidence that we have for semaglutide. Also, in the second half of the year, we look forward to initiate a Phase 2 study for Amycretin, demonstrating our commitment to continuously raising the innovation behind diabetes. Moving to obesity care. In the second quarter, we successfully completed the OASIS 4 trial. OASIS 4 investigated once-daily semaglutide 25 milligrams for weight management in add-ons with obesity or overweight with one or more comorbidities. The trial achieved its primary endpoint with all semaglutide 25 milligrams demonstrating superiority compared to placebo with respect to change in body weight. From a baseline body weight of 105.9 kilograms, oral semaglutide 25 milligram achieved a 13.6% reduction compared to 2.2% reduction with placebo. The global launch of oral semaglutide 25 milligram is contingent on portfolio prioritization and manufacturing capacity. For Wegovy, we received regulatory approval for the treatment of obesity or overweight in China and in the EU, the EMA adopted a positive opinion for an update of the Wegovy label to reflect data from the select file. The SELECT cardiovascular outcomes trial demonstrated that Wegovy statistically -- significantly reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% compared to placebo. The label update will also include select data showing a numerical risk reduction in cardiovascular death by 15%, a significant risk reduction of death from any cause by 19%, as well as a significant risk reduction of 18% in heart failure composite endpoints. Last for Wegovy, based on interactions with the FDA, we decided to withdraw the results from the steatohepatitis trials for regulatory review in the U.S. and EU to further substantiate the likelihood of getting hard endpoints into the label update. We now expect to resubmit the file in the beginning of 2025 with additional relevant data. We remain excited about the potential of semaglutide 2.4 milligram in this population, given the data that we've seen from the two completed steatohepatitis trials. Looking ahead, we are in the second half expecting Phase 2 results for Monlunabant, as well as Phase 3 results for the step-up trial with semaglutide 7.4 -- 7.2 milligrams around the turn of the year. Lastly, we anticipate first Phase 3 results for REDEFINE 1 with CagriSema and obesity. With all of this activity, we are confident with the progress we are making towards developing superior treatment solutions for people with obesity. Within cardiovascular and emerging therapy areas, we in June 2024 announced that the CLARION-CKD Phase 3 trial involving ocedurenone was terminated. This was based on an interim analysis performed by an independent monitoring committee that concluded that the trial met the pre-specified futility criteria, meaning that the trial, unfortunately, did not meet its primary endpoint. We've initiated a randomized and placebo-controlled Phase 3 cardiovascular outcomes trial called the ARTEMIS. The trial will assess the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 15 milligrams in acute myocardial infarction. Lastly, we look much forward to the Phase 3 readout of the ESSENCE trial investigating semaglutide 2.4 milligrams in MASH. With that, over to you Karsten.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: Thank you, Martin. Please turn to the next slide. In the first six months of 2024, our sales grew by 24% in Danish kroner and 25% at constant exchange rates, driven by both operating units. In the U.S., sales growth was positively impacted by gross-to-net sales adjustments related to prior years. The gross margin decreased to 84.9% compared to 85.1% in 2023. The decline is mainly driven by increased costs related to ongoing capacity expansions. This is partially countered by a positive price impact from gross to net adjustments related to prior years in the U.S., in addition to positive product mix reflecting increased sales of GLP-1-based treatments. Sales and distribution costs increased by 5% in Danish kroner and by 6% at constant exchange rates. The increase in sales and distribution costs is impacted by adjustments to legal provisions in the second quarter of 2023. In North American operations, the cost increase is mainly driven by promotional activities related to Wegovy. While in international operations, the increase is mainly related to promotional activities for Rybelsus, as well as obesity care market development activities. Research and development cost increased by 79% measured in Danish kroner and by 78% at constant exchange rates. The increase in cost is mainly driven by increased late-stage clinical trial activity and increased early research activities, as well as the impairment related to Ocedurenone of DKK5.7 billion and other impairments of intangible assets. Administration costs increased by 8% measured both in Danish kroner and constant exchange rates. Operating profit increased by 18% measured in Danish kroner, and by 19% at constant exchange rates. Operating profit is impacted by the impairment loss related to Ocedurenone of DKK5.7 billion. Net financial items showed a net loss of DKK530 million, compared to a net gain of DKK96 million last year, mainly reflecting hedging losses on the U.S. dollar. The effective tax rate was 20.6% in the first six months of 2024 compared to 19.9% in the first six months of 2023. Net profit increased by 16% and diluted earnings per share increased by 17% to DKK10.17. Net profit is negatively impacted by the DKK5.7 billion impairment of ocedurenone. Free cash flow realized in first half of 2024 was DKK41.3 billion compared to DKK45.5 billion in the first six months of 2023. The lower free cash flow reflects increasing capital expenditure, as well as acquisition of intangible assets. This is partially countered by net cash generated from operating acts. The impairment of the intangible asset of ocedurenone of DKK5.7 billion has no impact on free cash flow. Capital expenditure for property, plant, and equipment was DKK18.9 billion compared to DKK10.6 billion in 2023. This was primarily driven by investments in additional capacity for API production and fill-finish capacity for both current and future injectable and all products. Please go to the next slide. A key priority for Novo Nordisk is to ensure attractive allocation of capital to shareholders. For 2023, the total dividend per share increased 51.6% to DKK9.40. For 2024, the board of directors has decided to pay out an interim dividend of DKK3.50 per share which would be paid out in August of this year. We have returned more than DKK38 billion to shareholders through dividends and share buybacks in the first six months of 2024. Our ongoing repurchase program for the full year amounts to up to DKK20 billion, a reduction from DKK30 billion allocated last year. This allocation aligns with our strategic capital allocation strategy for Novo Nordisk. We prioritize investing in internal growth opportunities, returning capital to shareholders through dividends and business development activities. Finally, we look towards share buyback program as a flexible measure contingent on the first three priorities to distribute excess cash. We continued the growth momentum in 2024 and have raised our sales growth outlook to between 22% and 28% at constant exchange rates. The updated sales outlook at constant exchange rates reflects higher full-year expectations for both operating units. The guidance reflects expectations for sales growth in both North America operations and international operations, mainly driven by volume growth of GLP-1-based treatments for obesity and diabetes care. With the expectation of continued volume growth and capacity limitations at some manufacturing sites, the outlook also reflects expected continued periodic supply constraints and related drug shortage notifications across a number of products and geographies. Novo Nordisk is investing in internal and external capacity to increase supply, both short and long-term. Operating profit growth outlook is now expected to be between 20% and 28% at constant exchange rates. The updated expectation reflects the impairment loss reflected to ocedurenone communicated in June of negative 6 percentage points. Excluding this impact, we now expect a positive 4 percentage point increase on operating profit growth expectations for the full year. This is driven by the updated increased sales outlook compared to previous expectations. Capital expenditure is still expected to be around DKK45 billion in 2024, reflecting expansion of the global supply chain. Free cash flow is now expected to be between DKK59 billion and DKK69 billion, reflecting the sales growth a favorable impact from Rybelsus in the U.S., countered by investments in capital expenditure. The updated cash flow expectation mainly reflects the increased sales growth outlook. Income under the 340B program has been partially recognized. One ruling from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit remains pending and along with the DC Circuit ruling may be subject to further discretionary appellate review before the U.S. Supreme Court. Depending on the outcome of any subsequent rulings and appeals In these matters, there may be a material impact on Novo Nordisk financial position, net sales, and cash flow. Financial impacts related to and following the expected closing of the Catalent (NYSE:CTLT) transaction have not been included in the financial guidance. That covers the outlook for 2024. Now back to you, Lars.
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: Thank you, Karsten. Please turn to the final slides. We're very pleased with the sales growth in the first six months of 2024. The growth is driven by increasing demand for our GLP-1-based diabetes and obesity treatments and we're serving more patients than ever before. Within R&D, we're very pleased with the first Phase 3 trial results with Mim8 and its potential for people living with hemophilia, as well as the recommendation for a label extension for cardiovascular risk reduction for Wegovy in EU. With that, I'd like to hand over the word to Jacob.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Lars. Next slide please. With that, we're now ready for the Q&A. Where I kindly ask all participants to limit her or himself to one or maximum two questions, including sub-questions. Operator, we're now ready to take the first question.
Operator: [Operator Instructions] We will now take your first question. And your first question comes from the line of Emily Field from Barclays (LON:BARC). Please go ahead.
Emily Field: Hi, thanks for taking my questions. I have one on Wegovy pricing and one on Wegovy supply. The first question on pricing, in terms of the gross to net in the U.S., widening from 1Q to 2Q, can you help us understand the moving parts here? Is there a component of seasonality? How much due to competition or how much due to channel mix, as you talked about more penetrating into the Medicaid channel and you can now sell to the select population in Medicare. And then secondly on supply, it's great to see the 0.5 mg and 1 mg doses of Wegovy coming off the FDA drug shortage list, although it does seem like you're voluntarily keeping the 0.25 dosage capped in order to limit new patients. Do you expect this cap to continue throughout the rest of the year or could it be listed before the end of 2024? Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Emily, for those two questions. For the first question, I'll hand it over to Lars on overall pricing dynamics before turning to Doug on U.S. specific dynamics pricing-wise and also on the supply situation. Lars?
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: Yes. Thank you. Emily. Thank you, Jacob. So I would say, overall, the current market structure is one, where we really compete and secure success based on ability to supply. So it's not one where, say, classical commercial tactics is dominating. And you should see, I would say, our commercial strategies in that perspective. You allude to the channel mix, and we also just had in our brief that we are now expanding access in Medicaid. So we have 20 states adopting Wegovy in Medicaid. And of course, with that expansion, as we know from all drug categories, when you move into some of these channels, it comes at a lower, say, net price in these channels, which then has no all impact. But I would say, we are encouraged with, say, a stable competitive dynamics. And our focus is really on securing supply to make sure that we can serve as many patients as possible more than others, say, tougher commercial tactics.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Lars. And with that, I'll hand over to you, Doug, on the U.S. specifics, as well as on the supply situation.
Doug Langa: Yes, thanks, Lars, and thanks for the question, Emily. So overall, I'd start with, we're pleased with the Wegovy performance. Whether you look at the NBRx moving from roughly 5000 new branded prescriptions at the beginning of the year to 35,000 currently, or the TRx, which moved from 100,000 at the beginning of the year to roughly 200,000 or doubling. We're pleased with that. We're serving more patients than ever before, as Lars mentioned earlier. And market access continues to be robust. As I had mentioned, there's over 50 million people with obesity and importantly, around 10 million vulnerable patients that have access via Medicaid in around 20 states. So that's robust and we're pleased with that. And in doing that, we're seeing that almost or above 80% of the patients are paying $25 or less. And that is our ambition. Our goal is to grow market access, and it's fair to assume as volume goes up, prices will come down. And we have seen lower Wegovy prices in the first half. I don't want to get into specifics there, but it is in line with expectations. Our focus remains in building even stronger access for AOM treatments across all channels. And again, I'd say that we are pleased with the overall performance and we're serving more patients than ever before.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you so much, Doug. And finally, also on the lower dose strength of Wegovy, any update there?
Doug Langa: Yes. And so we don't believe that the 0.25, that was a choice we made. Again, as we've said consistently, quarter after quarter, continuity of care is incredibly important to us and maybe what separates us. We think it's really important that patients are able to titrate through the appropriate doses. So we will continue to dynamically manage that, but we're also confident in the levels that we see with all the other dose strengths. So you shouldn't anticipate that 0.25 changing throughout this year to the question.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Doug. And thank you, Emily. We are now ready to take the next question, please.
Emily Field: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Louise Chen from Cantor. Please go ahead.
Louise Chen: Hi, thanks for taking my questions here. So first one I have was just on Monlunabant. I wanted to see what type of efficacy and safety you expect to see or want to see to move forward with this product. And then second question was just on ESSENCE, out of the 1,200 patients enrolled in this Phase 3 study, how many patients are expected to be part of the F2-F3 biopsy readout? Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Louise. For those two questions, I'll hand both of them to you, Martin. First, on Monlunabant expectations, as well as on patients enrolled in ESSENCE.
Martin Holst Lange: Yes, absolutely. So we continue to be excited about the potential for Monlunabant. We don't have a lot of news yet. We expect the readout from the dedicated obesity trial in Q3 of this year and from the diabetes kidney disease trial at the end of this year. Based on our modeling, we expect around a 15% weight loss. And obviously, our focus is on demonstrating that together with an attractive safety profile. But we don't have a lot of news at this point. You have to wait a couple of months before that. On the ESSENCE trial, you probably recall we sort of have a two tier trials. The first proportion of the trial includes 800 patients, which will serve as the regulatory submission. We will see the readout of those 800 patients this year. They will all have liver biopsies, and they will be in the F2 to F3 category. We then go to the full 1,200 patients for a heart incomes -- outcomes proportion of the trial. It will basically, also be patients who have liver biopsies and be in the F2 to F3 categories. But first step is to see the regulatory readout which we will receive at the end -- towards the end of the year.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Martin, and thank you, Louise. We are now ready to take the next question, please.
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Evan Seigerman from BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.
Evan Seigerman: Hi guys, thank you so much for taking my questions and for all the color on the call today. One -- a few for me. Just on the Catalent transaction, maybe you just walk us through kind of the update there. And more specifically, as you think about building out capacity, what are the levers can you pull to kind of get your supply of incretins up to meet demand? I know that was a key theme on the call today. And then maybe you can kind of walk us through some of the expectations for the CB1 inverse agonist data that's coming later third quarter. Thank you so much.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Evan, for those two questions. Firstly to Karsten on Catalent and overall supply chain strategy.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: Yes. Thanks, Evan for this question and good to connect. So, on Catalent, it is still our expectation that the transaction closes towards the end of 2024, where we're in active dialogue with the different regulators in terms of antitrust reviews, so -- but reiterate closing towards the end of the year. And with Catalent, we're significantly expanding our fill-finish network with the three additional sites on top of the sites we already have up and running and by the way, also are expanding. So our all supply chain strategy is really one of scaling our API facilities in Kalundborg on the peptide side and in Hillerod, Denmark on the antibody site linked to our pipeline progression and then scaling our fill-finish sites on a global scale to be able to accommodate significantly many more patients than we've been able to do so historically. And that ties into our overall corporate strategy of being able to reach many, many more patients than we've ever done before linked to the unmet need in the cardiometabolic space.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Karsten. And secondly, on Monlunabant expectations again for Martin.
Martin Holst Lange: Yes. So again, not a lot of news. We're expecting two data readouts; one from obesity, one from diabetes. Later this year, that will be exciting. Our focus will obviously be on the efficacy in terms of the weight loss. Our current modeling is suggesting at least a 15% weight loss. That will be an attractive oral monotherapy in and of itself, but also with the potential of being combined with Semaglutide. But these are early days. These are model data. And we'll see the stronger readouts in Q3 and Q4 of this year.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Martin, and thank you, Evan. We are ready to take the next question, please.
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Sachin Jain from Bank of America (NYSE:BAC). Please go ahead.
Sachin Jain: Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Two, please. Firstly, a big picture one for Karsten, just on guidance. Midpoint, I believe, implies underlying acceleration in 2H relative to the underlying growth in the first half. Given there's a lot of moving parts, I wonder if you could just talk through some of the key drivers, pushes and pulls, particularly around Wegovy and Ozempic. And then the second question is to try and get a bit more color, Doug, Karsten, Lars on the Wegovy price and around the commentary of those volumes go up, price comes down. If you would give us some sense of magnitude of price pressure short and midterm. So I'm going to frame the question like this, you've loosely commented to around 10% price pressure per year for Ozempic. Should we think about Wegovy as more or less than that? And can you give any specific color on 2H trends relative to 1H? Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Sachin. For the first one on guidance building blocks, I'll hand that to you, Karsten.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: Yes, thank you for that question, Sachin. And as noted in our release, then we are upgrading our top-line guidance by a couple of points and narrowing the guidance range also. So really supporting the fact that we are off to a really strong start in this year and see strong trends both commercially, as well as supply chain-wise. So that's the backdrop for our increasing guidance. And then to the second half acceleration part of your question. Yes, that is correct. And you could say, the 25% growth we have in the first half of this year benefits from the rebate adjustments we've been talking to related to the U.S., both in the first quarter and in the second quarter, as well as to an easier comparator linked to the phasing of rebates in 2023. So we delivered 25% with both the tailwind and an easy comparator and then delivering that for the full year clearly entails an acceleration into the second half in terms of growth despite the fact that the comparator is tougher linked to the rebate phasing of last year. And that acceleration is really a function of continued trends of what you're seeing already in the marketplace today in terms of the Wegovy penetration in the U.S., where we doubled the number of scripts from the beginning of the year until now weekly scripts, also an acceleration in terms of Wegovy sales in international operations and the continuation of Ozempic performance into the second half. So underlying clear acceleration during the second half compared to the first half.
Sachin Jain: Thank you, Karsten. And secondly, on overall pricing dynamics, Lars?
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: Yes. So thanks, Sachin. So we prefer not to get into a very detailed comments on pricing because that turns into a quarter-over-quarter storyline then. So -- but I would like to say, underlying what I mentioned in my opening that - and also, as Karsten just alluded to, this is a marketplace where we compete on bringing say, volumes to the market. So it's not one where we feel that we are into, say, price competition. Having said, that there are different segments of the market. And we feel that it's relevant to also be present in the segments where we had the most vulnerable patients, and they are typically served by Medicaid. So we have now, as we mentioned, 20 states having adopted to Wegovy. And we all know that for any product, when you go into Medicaid, it comes at somewhat lower price point, so that should be factored in. So it's a stable competitive setting. And it's really for us about scaling the volumes to deliver on the demand -- sorry, on the access we have delivered and we can see the demand is there. So it's about scaling to meet the demand, I would say, more than any other taxes, so to say. And as Karsten just mentioned, we have the capacity to scale and accelerate, serving many more patients in the second half. And I think that's, I think the encouraging part of our release here that we upgrade to do that against a somewhat tougher comparator in the second half of the year. So I think there's a sign of strong momentum and also execution from a supply chain point of view. Thank you.
Sachin Jain: Just a clarification then. Where are you with Medicaid penetration? Should we expect a major uptick in 2H relative to 1H?
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: So I don't have detailed insight into that, and I'm not sure we can comment specifically on that.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: So if I can give one data point. So we have Medicaid coverage into the tune of 20 states. How exactly the volumes are going to fall out in the second half between Medicaid and commercial, of course, is very speculative. But we have actually a very strong Medicaid-based access of 20 states and around 10 million people with obesity covered that way around.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Lars. Thank you, Karsten, and thank you, Sachin. And with that, we are ready for the next set of questions, please?
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Richard Vosser, JPMorgan (NYSE:JPM). Please go ahead.
Richard Vosser: Hi. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe one on Wegovy in the U.S. as well. Based on the new patient, I know you've said that your 35,000 scripts a week, you'll limit those starter doses. But based on the new patients you've already accrued and that level of patients and your knowledge of the pull-through of patients to higher doses, how do you see the TRx developing? You've obviously doubled in the first half but some idea of how that could develop, I think, would be helpful for people. And I suppose the question is at what point do you expect TRx to exceed scripts from Ozempic on a weekly basis? And then one other question just on Ozempic ex-U.S. supply. I think you alluded to that, that could improve in the second half. But just when can you anticipate supply being resolved there so that we can expect strong growth in the second half. When can we expect strong growth for Ozempic to resume in IO? Thanks so much.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Richard. On the first one, in terms of the strong TRx trends in the U.S., I'll hand it over to you, Doug.
Doug Langa: Yes. Thank you, Richard. And let me just clarify. We're not precisely limiting to 35,000. We're dynamically managing that because, again, critically important to us is patient continuity of care. So that is the starting dose, as you know. And so that's the one we will manage. It's not to limit and so you may see fluctuations in that. What I would anticipate is a steady consistent TRx trend. I don't want to get into where that may go or where that may cross Ozempic. Again, we're pleased with the performance as Karsten and both Lars alluded to, we've more than doubled that from the beginning of the year to currently. We're seeing strong NBRx and we're serving more patients. So I don't want to get into predictions of when they'll cross.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Doug. And on the gradual supply scaling, over to you, Karsten.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: Yes. So talking about ex-U.S. and scaling there. Then first of all, I'd just like to allude to the performance in international operations where Rybelsus or Semaglutide is doing really well in the first half, growing at 66%. So actually contributing as much as Ozempic in international operations. And then looking at IO between the first half and second half, then clearly, our ambition and what's implied in guidance is an acceleration from the 11% we delivered in the first half, and that acceleration will come from the Sema franchise. But as you see, we have now launched in 12 markets with Wegovy in international operations. So clearly, you should also expect to see some pick-up there, driving higher sales growth in the second half in IO.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Karsten, and thank you, Richard, for those two questions. We are now ready to take the next set of questions, please.
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from Peter Verdult from Citigroup. Please go ahead.
Peter Verdult: Thank you. Peter Verdult, Citi. Two questions. Doug, just some of the obligatory any latest data or intel in terms of average duration of use on Wegovy? And then secondly, Karsten, on the 340B. When we last spoke, my understanding was Nova has been very conservative in revenue recognition from the 340B leaving risks very much to the upside. And I think when we last discussed [in room] is, should the rulings go your way, that could be quite a material uplift to earnings, I think, to the tune of 5%. So can I just check in with you whether that is still the case? Or have you any updated thoughts there? Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Pete. On the first one on Wegovy state time, I'll give that to you, Doug.
Doug Langa: Yes. Thanks, Pete, for the questions. So in the U.S., we're still seeing around six months, and that's given the pure supply constraints. And we have to work through that. But I would tell you this, we are confident that over time, the stay time will improve more towards 12 months and beyond, which would reflect the clinical profile of the product and what we saw in some of the clinical trials. So still around six months, we're working through that more to come as we see more stability in supply over time.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Doug. And over to Karsten on 340B.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: Yes. Thanks, Pete, for that comment. And first of all, I'd just like to refer also to our company announcement and the update on 340B that we included on the legal matters there. And I would say the only new item compared to when we discussed in connection with Q1 is that there's one additional ruling that has come out in this case complex which is a D.C. Circuit ruling which ruled similarly to the ruling we had in our case. So all supporting our case, but we still have one key ruling outstanding in the seven circuits. And then as to our accounting, I don't remember us discussing it being conservative. I remember I was discussing it being prudent and aligned to the accounting standards of revenue recognition where revenue recognition has to be highly probable in order to book it as revenue. So that's how we do it. And - but we also call out that there is a scenario that could have a material impact on our financial position. And that's what we called out in our announcement. And then let's see how the Seven Circuit rules and what level of appeals we'll be looking at in the coming months. It could be any day that could be news, but I don't know anything further as of today.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Karsten. And thank you, Pete, as well. We're now ready to take the next, please.
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from James Quigley from Goldman Sachs (NYSE:GS). Please go ahead.
James Quigley: Great. Thanks for taking my questions. I've got two, please. So firstly, on obesity portfolio considerations. You got a number of obesity readouts in the second half of the year. But how are you thinking of the relative positioning and weight loss expectation for step up, so the 7.2 milligrams Sema and obviously CagriSema as well. Will it be an either/or approach from a commercial perspective? Or will it be purely data dependent? And Sema 7.2 million potentially be more desirable given the known CV benefits from Sema across all the trials we've seen, and we haven't necessarily seen that with Cagri yet. And then second question on oral therapy. So obviously, there's been some competitor data, some early competitor data that's been on the market recently. But in terms of your oral offering OASIS for, how would you characterize the competitiveness of the data you've seen so far for the 25-milligram dose? And how are you thinking about positioning in the market or even a market for fit approach on the launch? And then maybe also related to that. On the oral SNAC technology, can you remind us where you are in terms of the latest generations? And at what point would you able to have a peptide-based oral with the SNAC technology that could be as convenient as a typical small molecule? Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, James. I think I counted a little bit more than two questions there. But first, over to Camilla on the overall obesity portfolio. And after that, we'll turn to Martin on the SNAC enhancer.
Camilla Sylvest: Yes. Thanks a lot. First of all, I'd just like to say that we are very encouraged about the progression of our pipeline in obesity. And of course, we look forward to the readouts that we are having in the second half of this year. It's going to be exciting second half from the number of Phase 3 readouts that we have and both in oral and also in the injectable space. And I think let's await those readouts. And then later on, of course, when we get closer to launches, we can talk about positioning and how we are going to commercially utilize the strong pipeline that we have.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thanks a lot, Camilla. And over to you, Martin, on SNAC.
Martin Holst Lange: Yes. So specifically in the clinical space, we've been testing obviously generation 1, 2 and 3, as you know. And in the research base, we continue to evolve this. It goes without saying, we'll not take any new generation into the clinic unless we see a potential for a step change in terms of bioavailability. And this is an ongoing journey and an ongoing effort for us. With respect to the sort of dosing restrictions, we actually don't see them as limitations. But I also have to say we don't see a potential of removing those limitations anytime soon.
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: Thank you, Martin. And just a reminder, in the company announcement also see the approval in EMEA of the new doses related to all semaglutide/[doses] in the EU.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thanks a lot, Martin, and thanks a lot, James. We are now ready for the next set of questions.
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Emmanuel Papadakis from Deutsche Bank (ETR:DBKGn). Please go ahead.
Emmanuel Papadakis: Thank you for taking the question. Maybe a question on Sema ahead of potential inclusion in 2027 on rate price negotiation. Perhaps you could just enlighten us as to what magnitude the price cut you see in your midterm planning and your latest perspectives on potential impact in the commercial channel from reduced pricing in Medicare. And then on CagriSema ahead of the first redefined results. Just talk to us a little bit about your device capacity for the dual chamber pen device at launch. Would that be enough to switch a significant proportion of patients from Sema to CagriSema over that 2026, '27 timeframe? Or indeed, is there any reason why you wouldn't expect the majority of patients to start switching over? Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Emmanuel. The first one on the IRA and the latest there, that goes to you, Doug.
Doug Langa: Yes. Thanks, Emmanuel, for the question. Maybe as a starting point, I'd like to say that we fundamentally disagree with the principles of price setting. It hurts innovation. It potentially creates higher out-of-pocket costs for seniors and less choice. So that's not good. What I would say is that we're not going to comment on price, but we've worked through the first negotiations on NovoLog and Fiasp, and as you know that's a minor part of our business. So we expect limited impact there. And then I would say, as it relates to a read-through to semaglutide, it's just way too early. This has been a new process for both us and the government. We're learning a lot. I'm sure they learned a lot, but I don't want to speculate on what that may mean for semaglutide read-through.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Doug. And for the second question on CagriSema capacity, over to you, Karsten.
Karsten Munk Knudsen: Yes, hi Emmanuel, thank you for the question. For CagriSema and supply chain strategy, then, of course, we learned a lot from Wegovy, and we are full speed in terms of scaling our capacities linked to CagriSema. It is a dual advice. So scalability is different compared to multi-use devices that we have in other parts of our portfolio. But we are rapidly scaling the CagriSema device. We are exploring a co-formulation also to improve scalability. It's not without risk, and that's why I say we're exploring the opportunity to do so. And then bear in mind, behind CagriSema in our pipeline, we have a Amycretin in a subcutaneous version, which we will report out in the first quarter of next year, which is another offering together with the step-up. And then as my last comment, I would say, given the clinical profile of semaglutide there, we believe that we will be selling semaglutide for many, many years to come, and we are building the infrastructure to compete on that at a global scale for many years to come.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Karsten, and also thanks for your questions. With that, we are ready for the next set of questions, please.
Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Simon Baker with Redburn Atlantic. Please go ahead.
Simon Baker: Thanks for taking my questions. Two, if I may. Firstly, going back to the obesity pipeline, you announced that you terminated the development of the once-monthly injectable gap due to portfolio considerations. I wonder if you could elaborate on that and also update us on your appetite for a monthly injectable obesity treatment. And then a question on Icodec in the U.S. Given the complete response letter and leaving aside the questions on manufacturing, is a Type 1 carve-out from the application a possible solution to expediting this? Because I assume that one mustn't just think about Icodec, but also IcoSema, which is potentially the bigger opportunity and obviously held up by this. Any thoughts on that would be much appreciated. Thank you.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Simon. Both of those go to you, Martin. Firstly, on the once monthly GLP-1/GIP and secondly, on Icodec.
Martin Holst Lange: Yes. Absolutely. So I just want to reiterate, I think we all along stated that the once monthly GLP-1/GIP study that we conducted was an exploratory study, more assessing the concept of one smarter technology than the actual GLP-1/GIP component. It was exploratory and while we definitely can use the data, the current profile was not something that we would take into further clinical development. So basically, we still have this focus. We do see once monthly as convenience more than anything else, our primary focus is efficacy and safety. And as we already discussed that we have a very competitive pipeline and portfolio. But we'll maintain this focus with either next generation of this technology or alternative technologies. Specifically on Icodec, we are in ongoing dialogue with the FDA. So I don't want to speculate too much. But obviously, part of this is a potential carve-out of the Type 1 diabetes. You should not see this impact the IcoSema dialogue.
Simon Baker: Thanks so much.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Martin. And also thank you, Simon, for those two questions. Then we have time for one final set of questions, please.
Operator: Thank you. Your final question comes from the line of Mark Purcell from Morgan Stanley (NYSE:MS). Please go ahead.
Mark Purcell: Yes. Thank you very much for taking my question. Wegovy heart failure, could you help us understand the additional data you are looking to file and whether you're going for a CV death and heart failure endpoints, sort of hard endpoints in terms of the claim from the studies. I guess, the pooled analysis of the STEP-HFpEF program showed a strong 6% to 9% risk reduction in CV death and heart failure events. But the significant numbers of patients in select and flow, which, I guess, could be relevant. So an understanding of what you're aiming to achieve that would be great. Thank you. And then the second one, just as a follow-up to INV-202. Could you help us understand, Martin, how INV-347 differs compared to INV-202 in terms of PK and CNS distribution and selectivity, the CV1 versus CV2 receptors. Just trying to understand whether this could actually leapfrog Monlunabant into Phase 3.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Mark. And both of those two to you, Martin. Firstly, semaglutide in HFpEF and secondly, within INV-202 and INV347.
Martin Holst Lange: Yes. Thank you very much, Mark, for those questions. First of all on HFpEF. As you'll recall, we conducted two dedicated HFpEF trials in patients with established HFpEF 1 in diabetes and one in patients without diabetes, but with obesity. When we do the meta-analysis of the two trials, we see a 69% decrease in risk of CV death hospitalization for heart failure. So absolutely very strong data and something that has encouraged us a lot. This was also why the FDA granted us breakthrough designation. As we discussed last quarter, we had fairly few events in these two reasonably small studies and through our dialogue with the FDA was very clear that if we could sort of increase the volume of events to further substantiate this the likelihood of getting hard endpoints into the U.S. label would increase given that we have some strong - have had and will have some strong readouts in the not-so-distant future, it was a reasonably easy decision to say we can accept a small delay and then increase our likelihood of getting hard endpoints into the label as compared to the more functional test. So we saw that as a really good pattern. On Monlunabant second generation, it's still early days. There is a potential for a longer half-life. So a potential for less frequent than once daily dosing, which is obviously attractive. And further, a potential for even less brain penetration. Again, we are quite confident with the safety profile of Monlunabant but again, if second-generation could have an even lower likelihood of potential adverse events, that would be attractive. I don't think you will see anything surpass our progress of Monlunabant and we see this as a really, really strong life cycle management opportunity.
Jacob Martin Wiborg Rode: Thank you, Martin. Thank you, Mark, and thank you to everyone else who have asked questions during the session. This concludes the Q&A session. Thanks a lot for participating, and feel free to contact Investor Relations regarding any follow-up questions you might have. Before we close the call, I'd like to hand it over to you, Lars, for any final remarks.
Lars Fruergaard Jørgensen: Thank you, Jacob. I hope it comes across that we are pleased with the momentum in our business, in particular, our GLP-1 business in diabetes and obesity, not least the strong growth for Wegovy script trends in the U.S., which is really fueling the upgrade we have communicated today, which also means that our supply is on track in being able to serve many more patients, both short and longer term. We're also excited about our pipeline, the news we have announced recently, but also what we have coming up later in the year. So with that, thank you also from my side for your questions and attention today. With that, we close the call. Thank you.
Operator: Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thanks for participating. You may now disconnect.
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