By David Ewalt
(Reuters) - At first glance, the most innovative universities in Europe don't appear to have much in common. Some are Catholic schools, some are secular, others are state-run and some are private. One is 920 years old. Another has been an independent institution for less than a decade. They’re scattered across the continent, some in large cities, others in rural areas.
The single unifier: Nearly all of them emphasize practical research and applied science, as opposed to pure academics. Technical universities and colleges dominate Reuters’ first-ever ranking of Europe’s top 100 innovative universities, a list that identifies the educational institutions that are doing the most to advance science, invent new technologies, and help drive the global economy.
The most innovative university in Europe is KU Leuven, a Dutch-speaking school based in Belgium's Flanders region. Founded in 1425 by Pope Martin V, it’s the world oldest Catholic university, but its instruction isn’t limited to theology. KU’s modern mission is comprehensive and advanced scientific research. Open to students of all faiths, it operates autonomously from the Church, and maintains one of the largest independent research and development organizations on the planet –in fiscal 2014, research spending exceeded 426 million euros.
KU Leuven earned its first-place rank, in part, by churning out a high volume of influential inventions. Its researchers submit more patents than almost any other university in Europe, and outside researchers frequently cite KU Leuven inventions in their own patent applications.
Those are key criteria in the Reuters ranking of Europe’s Most Innovative Universities, which was compiled in partnership with the Intellectual Property & Science division of Thomson Reuters.
Some of the top-rated universities on the list were created when larger institutions spun out their technical departments. Imperial College London (ranked #2) was formerly The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, part of the University of London. Imperial became fully independent in July 2007, and is now a public research university serving more than 16,000 students from more than 125 countries. It also outperforms its parent – the University of London is ranked #30 on the Europe Top 100.
Similarly, Switzerland’s Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne took its current form in 1968, when it was spun out of the University of Lausanne. Today EPFL is a federal institute and is obliged to grant admission to every Swiss high-school graduate.
Other top-ranked institutions were specifically created to serve as centres of innovation. Germany’s Technical University of Munich (#5) was founded in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, and tasked with driving the kingdom’s transition from an agricultural to an industrial state. Today the school has 37,000 students enrolled across its three locations in Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan and Garching. Thirteen TUM professors and alumni have won a Nobel Prize since 1927, including Rudolf Mössbauer (physics, 1961) and Ernst Otto Fischer (chemistry, 1973).
German universities — technical and otherwise — account for 24 of the 100 most innovative universities in Europe, more than any other country. The United Kingdom comes in second with 17 institutions on the list, including the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: The University of Cambridge, ranked #3, and the University of Oxford, ranked #8. Many of history’s greatest scholars have studied or taught at “Oxbridge,” including Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Alan Turing (Cambridge); and Roger Bacon, Robert Hooke and Edmund Halley (Oxford).
The Republic of Ireland only has three schools on the entire list, but with a population under 5 million people, it can boast more top 100 innovative universities per capita than any other country in Europe. Trinity College Dublin, ranked #48, is Ireland’s highest-ranked university. Founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I and modelled on Oxford and Cambridge, today Trinity is notable for holding a higher percentage of cited patents in its portfolio than any other university in Europe’s top 100 —more evidence of Ireland’s outsized impact on global research and development.
On a regional basis, Western Europe dominates the list, with 60 universities in the top 100. Northern Europe comes in a distant second, with 24; Southern Europe has 15. Eastern Europe only has a single university on the list, Poland’s Jagiellonian University, ranked #92. And only five universities on the list are located in countries that are not members of the European Union – four in Switzerland, and one in Norway (University of Oslo, #41). Notable absences from the top 100 include any universities in Russia or Turkey, two of Europe’s most populous countries; or any universities in small but wealthy Sweden or Finland.
To compile its ranking of Europe’s most innovative universities, the IP & Science division of Thomson Reuters began by identifying more than 600 global organizations –including educational institutions, nonprofit charities, and government-funded labs– that publish the most academic research. Then they evaluated each candidate on 10 different metrics, focusing on academic papers (which indicate basic research) and patent filings (which point to an institution's ability to apply research and commercialize its discoveries). Finally, they trimmed the list so that it only included European universities, and then ranked them based on their performance. Click here for the full methodology.
Since the rankings measure innovation on an institutional level, it may overlook particularly innovative departments or programs; a university might rank low for overall innovation, but still operate one of the most innovative biotechnology labs in the world, for instance. But whether they rank in the top 10 or somewhere in the 90s, all the universities ranked in the Europe Top 100 count among the world’s best. They produce original research, create useful technology and stimulate the global economy.
