By Jonathan Saul
LONDON (Reuters) - Carbon emissions produced from seaborne coal exports stayed steady last year despite the impact of the coronavirus on consumption, a study showed on Wednesday, although the sector faces growing environmental scrutiny.
Coal is among the biggest commodities transported by the dry bulk shipping sector and European countries have already scaled back usage as they look for greener alternatives.
Research published on Wednesday by independent climate think tank Ember showed seaborne coal exports were estimated to account for 3.1 billion tonnes of CO2 produced in 2020, or some 10% of total energy-related CO2 emissions last year.
That compared with 3.4 billion tonnes of CO2 produced from coal exported by ships in 2019, Ember analysis showed.
In 2020, global coal shipments amounted to an estimated 1.25 billion tonnes, with major producers Indonesia and Australia accounting for 59% of these seaborne exports. Global coal shipments were estimated at 1.38 billion tonnes in 2019.
Ember estimated that CO2 emissions from seaborne coal shipments reached 1.28 billion tonnes in the first five months of 2021, compared with 1.30 billion tonnes in the same period last year.
The Group of Seven - comprising the United States, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Japan - plus the European Union agreed last month to stop international financing of coal projects that emit carbon by the end of this year, and phase out support for all fossil fuels, to meet globally agreed climate change targets.
Ember analyst Nicolas Fulghum said the G7 announcement was likely to put significant pressure on coal exporters.
"Exporters were already looking to Asia to compensate for declining coal demand from Europe. Lack of funding for new coal-fired power plants in growing Asian markets will slow down the growth in coal demand seen in recent years," Fulghum told Reuters.
Stopping fossil fuel funding is seen as a major step the world can make to limit the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times, which scientists say would avoid the most devastating impacts of climate change.